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Genetics And Evolution
Test Description: SOL Review
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) In squash plants, yellow fruit (Y) is dominant to white fruit (y). If two plants heterozygous for yellow fruit are crossed, what are the possible genotypes of the offspring?
A
Yy only
B
YY, yy only
C
Yy, yy only
D
YY, Yy, yy only
2) After a culture of cells is allowed to multiply and is viewed through a microscope, the cells are x-rayed with high-energy radiation for less than 1/100th of a second. After the radiation, many newly reproduced cells appear different. What happened?
A
Speciation
B
Contamination
C
Mutation
D
Bacterial infection
3) Which of the following is an example of a genetically engineered organism?
A
A plant that received external DNA to produce natural insecticides
B
Seedless fruits resulting from grafting of one plant onto another
C
A plant that naturally possesses medicinal properties
D
A new plant variety created by cross-pollination
4) Wild cats such as cheetahs, lions, and tigers experience decreased genetic diversity as their populations decline and become fragmented due to habitat destruction. Decreased genetic diversity leads to populations with
A
decreased disease resistance
B
increased birthrates
C
increased immigration rates
D
disproportionate gender ratios
5) People who have been exposed to excessive radiation often experience mutations. If these mutations only occur in somatic (body) cells, these people may —
A
pass on these mutations to their offspring
B
experience an increased risk of cancer
C
experience difficulties replicating RNA
D
develop entirely new DNA sequences inall cells
6) In cows, long hair is dominant to short hair. In a cow that is heterozygous for long hair, what percentage of the cells undergoing meiosis will carry the dominant allele?
A
50%
B
100%
C
75%
D
25%
7) In rabbits, short fur (F) is dominant to long fur (f). According to the Punnett square, what is the chance of two heterozygous short-haired rabbits having offspring with short fur?
A
one in four
B
four in four
C
two in four
D
three in four
8) Which of the following statements describes the process of natural selection?
A
New species are formed via genetic engineering.
B
Individuals survive that have inherited traits adapted to their environment.
C
Farmers select animals with desirable variations for breeding.
D
Populations sharing the same gene pool interbreed and create new species.
9) DNA that is derived from the DNA of two or more different species is called —
A
mitochondrial DNA
B
chloroplast DNA
C
plasmid
D
recombinant DNA
10) Lamarck was an early scientist who studied the development of characteristics in organisms over time. Which of the following choices best describes his views on how organisms change over time?
A
Theory of artificial selection
B
Theory of relative fossil-dating
C
Law of independent assortment
D
Theory of acquired characteristics
11) A genetic pedigree showing that only males are affected by a certain disorder is evidence of what type of inheritance?
A
Passive
B
Dominant
C
Sex-linked
D
Recessive
12) The chances of developing cancer, diabetes, or sickle-cell anemia are higher if a family member also has the disorder because they are —
A
related to diet
B
highly infections
C
genetically based
D
passed through blood contact
13) Over many generations, unrelated or distantly related species may come to resemble each other due to —
A
homologous structural adaptations
B
competition with each other
C
similar environmental factors
D
similar genetic mutatinos
14) External sources, such as radiation or chemicals, can cause mutations in genes or entire chromosomes. For a mutation to pass on to offspring, it must occur in a —
A
muscle cell
B
brain cell
C
bone cell
D
sex cell
*select an answer for all questions
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