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MCAS Review - Earth Science
Test Description: Test preparation for state comprehensive assessment.
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) If a solid object is taken from Earth far into space, which of the following measurements of the object will change the most?
A
density
B
volume
C
mass
D
weight
2) Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?
A
Uranus
B
Saturn
C
Mercury
D
Jupiter
3) A layer of solid brittle rock comprises the outer 100 kilometers of Earth. This layer, which contains both the crust and upper mantle, is called the
A
sediment
B
lithosphere
C
hemisphere
D
core
4) Which layer of the Earth is composed primarily of solid iron?
A
inner core
B
crust
C
mantle
D
outer core
5) Which of the following correctly lists the structures in space from smallest to largest?
A
star, universe, solar system, galaxy
B
star, solar system, universe, galaxy
C
star, galaxy, solar system, universe
D
star, solar system, galaxy, universe
6) Which of the following is the best estimate of the number of stars in a typical galaxy.
A
billions
B
thousands
C
hundreds
D
millions
7) Which of the following Earth's layers has the greatest density?
A
outer core
B
mantle
C
crust
D
inner core
8) Which of the following statements best describes one way that the Moon is different from the Earth
A
The Moon has no gravity
B
The Moon receives almost no solar light.
C
The Moon has almost no atmosphere.
D
The Moon is not solid.
9) Which of the following most likely causes Earth’s inner core to be a solid?
A
The temperature of the core is very low.
B
The chemicals in the core are very reactive.
C
The metals in the core are very heavy.
D
The pressure at the core is very high.
10) Which of the following has changed over the last 200 years primarily due to human activity?
A
Earth’s magnetic field
B
the frequency of earthquakes
C
Earth’s tectonic plate activity
D
the composition of the atmosphere
11) Which of the following statements best explains why a comet travels more quickly when it is closer to the Sun?
A
The temperature of the comet increases.
B
The frictional force on the comet increases.
C
The gravitational pull on the comet increases.
D
The mass of the comet increases.
12) Which of the following provides the best evidence that Earth has evolved over geologic time?
A
desert sand dunes that were shaped by winds
B
coral reefs that slowly changed size
C
deposits of sediment found at the mouth of a river
D
rock containing fossilized seashells found on a mountaintop
13) The Appalachian Mountains, which extend from Canada to Alabama, were much taller in the past than they are today. Which of the following two processes are most responsible for the decrease in the height of the Appalachian Mountains?
A
weathering and erosion
B
volcanic eruptions and landslides
C
tectonic collisions and earthquakes
D
sedimentation and flooding
14) Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?
A
weathering of mountains
B
formation of sedimentary rocks
C
movement of crustal plates
D
erosion of coastlines
15) Which of the following statements best explains why the tilt of Earth on its axis causes summer to be warmer than winter in the Northern Hemisphere?
A
The warm ocean currents flow from the tropics to the Northern Hemisphere in the summer.
B
The greenhouse effect increases in the Northern Hemisphere in the summer
C
The rays of the Sun strike the Northern Hemisphere more directly in the summer.
D
The Northern Hemisphere is closer to the Sun in the summer.
16) What is the primary energy source that drives all weather events, including precipitation, hurricanes, and tornados?
A
the Moon
B
the Sun
C
Earth’s gravity
D
Earth’s rotation
17) Which of the following keeps the planets in our solar system in orbit around the Sun?
A
atmospheric pressure
B
gravitational force
C
electromagnetic energy
D
thermal energy
18) Heat from deep in Earth’s interior is transferred to its crust by which of the following?
A
evaporation at mid-ocean ridges
B
conduction in the ocean
C
convection in the mantle
D
radiation from the solid core
19) Which of the following areas is most likely to form metamorphic rocks such as gneiss and schist?
A
a windblown desert
B
a sea floor
C
a site deep underground
D
a site covered by a glacier
20) Mercury, the planet nearest to the Sun, has extreme surface temperatures, ranging from 465°C in sunlight to –180°C in darkness. Why is there such a large range of temperatures on Mercury?
A
The planet lacks an atmosphere to hold heat.
B
The planet is heated on only one side.
C
The planet is too small to hold heat.
D
The planet reflects heat from its dark side.
*select an answer for all questions
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