Weathering, Soil, and Erosion

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Physical process that breaks rocks apart without changing their chemical makeup; can be caused by ice wedging, animals, and plant roots.

Mechanical or chemical surface processes that break rocks into smaller and smaller pieces.

Dark-colored, decayed organic matter that supplies nutrients to plants and is found mainly in topsoil.

A type of erosion that occurs when windblown sediments strike rocks and sediments, polishing and pitting their surface.

Mixture of weathered rock, decayed organic matter, mineral fragments, water, and air that can take thousands of years to develop.

Occurs when chemical reactions dissolve the minerals in rocks or change them into different minerals.

Process in which surface materials are worn away and transported from one place to another by agents such as gravity, water, wind, and glaciers.

Chemical weathering process that occurs when metallic material is exposed to oxygen and water over time.