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BIOL G220 Unit 5 Lecture Exam Review C
Test Description: Urinary system topics
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) how important is the urinary system?
A
the urinary system is the appendix of bodily systems
B
without a urinary system, you could not live
C
you could live without a urinary system, with proper diet, surgery, medication, and dialysis
D
you could live without a urinary system, with significant lifestyle changes
2) like most other things in Human Anatomy, the urinary system is divided into two structural / functional sections: the ____, which _____; and the ____, which____
A
conducting, transports blood; nephric, filters blood
B
kidneys, produce urine; urinary tract, stores, transports, expels urine
C
afferent, takes in blood for filtering; efferent, returns filtered blood to the bloodstream
D
hemomundic system, filters blood; renal system, produces urine
3) in addition to filtering out and eliminating wastes, the kidneys have another major function, ______ this is accomplished by ______
A
fluid homeostasis; producing dilute or concentrated urine
B
maintain lymphatic balance, controlling blood flow to the spleen
C
maintain osmotic balance, sequestering salts
D
gas exchange; comingling arterial and venous capillaries (in convoluted tubules)
4) another thing that specialized cells in the kidneys do is maintain the ___ of the blood; this is done by____ which causes___
A
pH balance; releasing Hydrogen or Ammonium Ions into the blood - buffers the blood
B
oxygen capacity; releasing erythropoeitin- red blood cell production
C
immune response; releasing leukopoeitin- white blood cell production
D
temperature of the blood; releasing myocontractin- increased rate of smooth muscle contraction
5) The kidneys control the selective secretion and reabsorption of _____ and ______
A
water, electrolytes
B
tubular fluid, urea (uric acid)
C
tubular fluid, billirubin
D
blood cells, wastes
6) in cross section, the kidney is seen to contain an outer ____ which is rife with renal_____, and interior to that several _____ lobes which are home to several nephron
A
cortex, tubules; medullary, capsules
B
calyx, pelvis; renal, pyramids
C
cortex, corpuscles; medullary, loops
D
medulla, tubules; cortical, columns
7) Each of the renal ____ drains into a set of ___ that ultimately combine to form the renal _____
A
corticies, medulla, pyramid
B
corpuscles, tubules, vessels
C
pyramids, calyx, pelvis
D
arterioles, venuoles, vein
8) Kidneys are ______; it is possible to determine this even if
A
abdominopelvic; they are removed from the body
B
retroperitoneal; the model in the illustration is wearing clothing
C
intraperitoneal; the membrane is damaged during dissection
D
gastropodal; they are not molluscan
9) the ___ Kidney is superior to the ____; due to the placement of the ____
A
anterior, posterior; renal hillux
B
left, right; urinary bladder
C
right, left; spleen
D
left, right; liver
10) the urinary tract contains the _____, which transport urine from the kidneys to the ____; urine finally leaves the body via the
A
ureters, bladder; urethra
B
renal tubules, renal medulla, cloaca
C
urethrae, bladder, ureter
D
renal ducts, renal pelvis, urogenital orifice
11) after entering the kidney at the hillus through the renal artery, blood flows through segmental and interlobar arteries before traveling along the corticomedullary junction in the ____ arteries
A
corticomedullary
B
arcuate
C
interlobular
D
afferent
12) blood enters the renal corpuscle via an ____ artery, which is ____ compared to the _____ whereby it exits the corpuscle: this creates _____ within the _____
A
urinary, more porous, renal; tubular fluid, proximal convoluted tubule
B
anastomosed, more highly branched, passthrough; turbulent blood flow, capillaries
C
interlobular, less porous, intratubular; tubular fluid, capsule
D
afferent, larger in diameter, efferent; higher presure, glomerulus
13) the glomerulus consists of ____ capillaries and specialized cells called ______; these allow ____ to exit the capillaries and collect in the ____
A
fenestrated, podocytes; fluid, capsule
B
sinusoid, nephrocytes; filtrate, proximal tubule
C
continuous, renocytes, tubular fluid, capsule
D
anastomosed, pediocytes, urine, renal duct
14) blood leaving the renal corpuscle via the _____ can take one of two paths: around the proximal and distal tubules in ____, or around the _____ as the ___
A
afferent arteriole: peritubular capillaries, nephron loop/ vasa recta
B
tube of Bowman, intracapsular veins, transmedullary tubule / ducts of Henle
C
renal portal: proximal distal capillaries, intermediate tubule/ vasa recta
D
interlobular vein: intratubular capillaries, nephron loop/ nephric capillaries
15) about __ of the nephrons lie close to the corticomedulllary junction and send nephrons deep into the medulla, earning them the name _____; the balance of the nephrons are said to be _____
A
15%, juxtamedullary; cortical
B
55%, intracortical, transcortical
C
85%, medullary; juxtacortical
D
45% transcortical; intracortical
16) of the processes that modify tubular fluid to transform it into _____, the main one that occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule is
A
urine; reabsorption
B
ultrafiltrate; remundation
C
extratubular fluid; pressurization
D
renal filtrate; secretion
17) the primary process of tubular fluid modification that is taking place in the distal convoluted tubule is
A
serous discharge
B
reabsorption
C
osmotic gradient
D
secretion
18) as tubular fluid continues to be modified by the _____, it is not officially 'urine' until it reaches the
A
nephric duct, renal calyx
B
amalgamating tube, aeophrogratic duct
C
collecting duct, papillary duct
D
renal tubule, renal pelvis
19) the distal convoluted tubule abuts its renal corpuscle, forming the _______: where it participates in the regulation of ____
A
juxtamedullary apparatus: glomerular filtration rate
B
juxtacapsular apparatus: renal clearance
C
juxtacortical apparatus: blood oxygen content
D
juxtaglomerular apparatus: blood pressure
20) the bladder is lined with _______ because it _____
A
renal pits, reabsorbs water
B
cilliated 'brush border' cells, moves urine
C
lymph nodules, fights urinary tract infections
D
transitional epithelium, stretches
*select an answer for all questions
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