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BIOL G220 Unit 5 Lecture Exam Review C
Test Description: Urinary system topics
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) how important is the urinary system?
A
you could live without a urinary system, with significant lifestyle changes
B
without a urinary system, you could not live
C
the urinary system is the appendix of bodily systems
D
you could live without a urinary system, with proper diet, surgery, medication, and dialysis
2) like most other things in Human Anatomy, the urinary system is divided into two structural / functional sections: the ____, which _____; and the ____, which____
A
conducting, transports blood; nephric, filters blood
B
hemomundic system, filters blood; renal system, produces urine
C
kidneys, produce urine; urinary tract, stores, transports, expels urine
D
afferent, takes in blood for filtering; efferent, returns filtered blood to the bloodstream
3) in addition to filtering out and eliminating wastes, the kidneys have another major function, ______ this is accomplished by ______
A
fluid homeostasis; producing dilute or concentrated urine
B
maintain osmotic balance, sequestering salts
C
maintain lymphatic balance, controlling blood flow to the spleen
D
gas exchange; comingling arterial and venous capillaries (in convoluted tubules)
4) another thing that specialized cells in the kidneys do is maintain the ___ of the blood; this is done by____ which causes___
A
oxygen capacity; releasing erythropoeitin- red blood cell production
B
immune response; releasing leukopoeitin- white blood cell production
C
temperature of the blood; releasing myocontractin- increased rate of smooth muscle contraction
D
pH balance; releasing Hydrogen or Ammonium Ions into the blood - buffers the blood
5) The kidneys control the selective secretion and reabsorption of _____ and ______
A
blood cells, wastes
B
water, electrolytes
C
tubular fluid, urea (uric acid)
D
tubular fluid, billirubin
6) in cross section, the kidney is seen to contain an outer ____ which is rife with renal_____, and interior to that several _____ lobes which are home to several nephron
A
medulla, tubules; cortical, columns
B
calyx, pelvis; renal, pyramids
C
cortex, corpuscles; medullary, loops
D
cortex, tubules; medullary, capsules
7) Each of the renal ____ drains into a set of ___ that ultimately combine to form the renal _____
A
corpuscles, tubules, vessels
B
arterioles, venuoles, vein
C
pyramids, calyx, pelvis
D
corticies, medulla, pyramid
8) Kidneys are ______; it is possible to determine this even if
A
intraperitoneal; the membrane is damaged during dissection
B
retroperitoneal; the model in the illustration is wearing clothing
C
abdominopelvic; they are removed from the body
D
gastropodal; they are not molluscan
9) the ___ Kidney is superior to the ____; due to the placement of the ____
A
anterior, posterior; renal hillux
B
left, right; urinary bladder
C
right, left; spleen
D
left, right; liver
10) the urinary tract contains the _____, which transport urine from the kidneys to the ____; urine finally leaves the body via the
A
urethrae, bladder, ureter
B
renal ducts, renal pelvis, urogenital orifice
C
ureters, bladder; urethra
D
renal tubules, renal medulla, cloaca
11) after entering the kidney at the hillus through the renal artery, blood flows through segmental and interlobar arteries before traveling along the corticomedullary junction in the ____ arteries
A
corticomedullary
B
arcuate
C
interlobular
D
afferent
12) blood enters the renal corpuscle via an ____ artery, which is ____ compared to the _____ whereby it exits the corpuscle: this creates _____ within the _____
A
anastomosed, more highly branched, passthrough; turbulent blood flow, capillaries
B
urinary, more porous, renal; tubular fluid, proximal convoluted tubule
C
afferent, larger in diameter, efferent; higher presure, glomerulus
D
interlobular, less porous, intratubular; tubular fluid, capsule
13) the glomerulus consists of ____ capillaries and specialized cells called ______; these allow ____ to exit the capillaries and collect in the ____
A
fenestrated, podocytes; fluid, capsule
B
continuous, renocytes, tubular fluid, capsule
C
sinusoid, nephrocytes; filtrate, proximal tubule
D
anastomosed, pediocytes, urine, renal duct
14) blood leaving the renal corpuscle via the _____ can take one of two paths: around the proximal and distal tubules in ____, or around the _____ as the ___
A
tube of Bowman, intracapsular veins, transmedullary tubule / ducts of Henle
B
renal portal: proximal distal capillaries, intermediate tubule/ vasa recta
C
afferent arteriole: peritubular capillaries, nephron loop/ vasa recta
D
interlobular vein: intratubular capillaries, nephron loop/ nephric capillaries
15) about __ of the nephrons lie close to the corticomedulllary junction and send nephrons deep into the medulla, earning them the name _____; the balance of the nephrons are said to be _____
A
45% transcortical; intracortical
B
55%, intracortical, transcortical
C
15%, juxtamedullary; cortical
D
85%, medullary; juxtacortical
16) of the processes that modify tubular fluid to transform it into _____, the main one that occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule is
A
urine; reabsorption
B
renal filtrate; secretion
C
extratubular fluid; pressurization
D
ultrafiltrate; remundation
17) the primary process of tubular fluid modification that is taking place in the distal convoluted tubule is
A
osmotic gradient
B
reabsorption
C
secretion
D
serous discharge
18) as tubular fluid continues to be modified by the _____, it is not officially 'urine' until it reaches the
A
amalgamating tube, aeophrogratic duct
B
nephric duct, renal calyx
C
collecting duct, papillary duct
D
renal tubule, renal pelvis
19) the distal convoluted tubule abuts its renal corpuscle, forming the _______: where it participates in the regulation of ____
A
juxtamedullary apparatus: glomerular filtration rate
B
juxtacortical apparatus: blood oxygen content
C
juxtacapsular apparatus: renal clearance
D
juxtaglomerular apparatus: blood pressure
20) the bladder is lined with _______ because it _____
A
lymph nodules, fights urinary tract infections
B
transitional epithelium, stretches
C
renal pits, reabsorbs water
D
cilliated 'brush border' cells, moves urine
*select an answer for all questions
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