Earth Science Fall Review (part 1) Question Preview (ID: 49244)


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The area of Earth science that examines the physical and biological changes that have occurred in Earth's past is called...
a) meteorology
b) oceanography
c) physical geology
d) historical geology

Which of Earth's spheres includes the oceans, groundwater, lakes,and glaciers?
a) atmosphere
b) hydrosphere
c) biosphere
d) geosphere

The crust and uppermost mantle make up the rigid outer layer of Earth called the ....
a) geosphere
b) lithosphere
c) asthenosphere
d) lower mantle

The theory of plate tectonics helps scientists explain...
a) how ocean currents move over Earth's surface
b) why hurricanes occur
c) how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur
d) why Earth's core is less dense than the mantle

The mass number of an atom is obtained by totaling the number of...
a) electrons and protons
b) protons and neutrons
c) electrons and neutons
d) neutrons and isotopes

What is the smallest particle of a covalent compound that show the properties of that compound?
a) an ion
b) an atom
c) an element
d) a molecule

Minerals with the silicon-oxygen structure, shown in Figure 2-1, are classified into what group?
a) sulfates
b) oxides
c) carbonates
d) silicates

All minerals in the sulfate and sulfide groups contain what element?
a) silicon
b) oxygen
c) sulfur
d) carbon

The most common mineral group in Earth's crust is the...
a) oxides
b) carbonates
c) sulfides
d) silicates

Which of the following properties is generally the least useful in identifying minerals?
a) hardness
b) streak
c) cleavage
d) color

The color of the powdered form of a mineral is called...
a) cleavage
b) streak
c) luster
d) fracture

The tendency of minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces is called...
a) fracture
b) streak
c) cleavage
d) crystal form

What determines whether a mineral will show cleavage or break in irregular fracture?
a) hardness
b) internal atomic structure
c) external shape
d) density

What is the density of a mineral?
a) the ratio of a mineral's mass to its volume
b) the ratio of a mineral's height to its weight
c) a mineral's mass
d) a mineral's volume

Which of the following is true about rocks?
a) rocks are composed of only one mineral
b) rocks do not contain any nonmineral matter
c) coal is not considered a true rock
d) most rocks are a mixture of minerals

What type of rock will occur as a result of compaction and cementation of sediments
a) igneous
b) metamorphic
c) lava
d) sedimentary

If granite undergoes high temperatures and high pressures deep within Earth, what type of rock will be formed? Assume that the granite does not melt.
a) a sedimentary rock
b) a metamorphic rock
c) an organic rock
d) an igneous rock

A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface is called an...
a) intrusive metamorphic rock
b) intrusive igneous rock
c) extrusive sedimentary rock
d) extrusive igneous rock

Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will form igneous rocks with a ...
a) porphyritic texture
b) glassy texture
c) coarse-grained texture
d) fine-grained texture

What process is responsible for the formation of the rock gypsum?
a) weathering and erosion
b) cooling of magma
c) precipitation from a water solution
d) recrystallization from high temperatures and high pressures

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