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Unit 13: Chapter 13
Test Description: Chapter 13 review for Exam 3
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) Variability refers to the
A
effect of the independent variable.
B
typical score in a distribution.
C
amount of fluctuation we see in a distribution of scores.
D
statistical significance of research findings.
2) H0 represents the
A
hypothesis an experimenter indirectly tests.
B
research hypothesis.
C
null hypothesis.
D
alternative hypothesis.
3) If you reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true,
A
you should report a significant treatment effect.
B
you have committed a Type 1 error.
C
you should revise your level of significance.
D
you have committed a Type 2 error.
4) We commit a Type 2 error when we
A
accept the null hypothesis when it is true.
B
report that our findings are significant when they are not.
C
fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.
D
fail to reject the alternative hypothesis when it is false.
5) The mean of a set of data is the
A
most frequent score in a distribution.
B
arithmetic average.
C
difference between the highest and lowest scores.
D
middle score in a distribution.
6) The variance is the
A
average of the squared deviations about the mean.
B
difference between the highest and lowest scores.
C
the square root of the average of the squared deviations about the mean.
D
sum of the deviations about the mean.
7) The ____ tells us whether scores are spread out a great deal or tightly clustered around the mean.
A
range
B
mode
C
median
D
variance
8) The ____ divides a distribution of scores in half.
A
mean
B
range
C
median
D
mode
9) Beta is a ____.
A
Type II Error
B
Type VI Error
C
Type I Error
D
Type III Error
10) If an experimenter finds that the difference between two treatment groups is significant at the .05 level, then
A
we should accept the null hypothesis.
B
the odds of obtaining this difference by chance are 95 in 100 times.
C
we would expect chance to produce a result this large less than 5 in 100 times.
D
the probability of this treatment effect is 5%.
11) Variability can be produced by experimental errors, which are fluctuations in subjects’ scores produced by
A
influences on subjects not related to the independent variable.
B
experimenter bias.
C
all of these
D
extraneous variables in the experimental procedure.
12) We should select a significance level ____ in order to conduct a valid test of our hypothesis.
A
after we have performed all statistical tests
B
based on our test statistic
C
before conducting the experiment
D
after we have collected all experimental data
13) When we set our significance level at .01, this corresponds to the notation,
A
p .01.
B
p = .01.
C
p .01.
D
p .01.
14) Calvin has set his alpha level at .05. He will reject the null hypothesis if he observes a difference between treatment conditions that is so large that it could have occurred by chance
A
at least 5 in 100 times.
B
5 in 100 times.
C
more than 5 in 100 times.
D
less than 5 in 100 times.
15) Mercedes will reject the null hypothesis if she observes a difference between treatment conditions that is so large that it could have occurred by chance less than 1 in 100 times. The .01 value is Mercede’s
A
risk of committing a Type 2 error.
B
statistical power.
C
effect size.
D
significance level.
16) Which criterion does an experimenter use to decide whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis?
A
power
B
effect size
C
beta
D
significance level
17) Many statistical tests assume that the population you have sampled is normally distributed. This means that if you could measure everyone in the population on the dependent variable,
A
the distribution of scores would be symmetrical and bell-shaped.
B
the right end of the distribution would have the longest tail.
C
the bulk of the scores would fall above the mean.
D
the left end of the distribution would have the longest tail.
18) Where do most scores fall along a normal curve?
A
at the end with the longest tail
B
at the right end of the distribution
C
at the left end of the distribution
D
near the center
19) Which of these illustrates a directional hypothesis?
A
Men and women differ in manual dexterity.
B
Cognitive Behavior Therapy is more effective in treating agoraphobia than psychoanalytic therapy.
C
Students who study together earn different test scores than students who study alone.
D
Greek and independent student GPAs vary.
20) We are more likely to reject the null hypothesis when
A
the sample has more variability than the population.
B
the test statistic is very small.
C
the experimental manipulation did not affect the dependent variable.
D
the amount of variability in the population we sampled is low.
*select an answer for all questions
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