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Nervous System Review: Functions
Test Description: Review
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) The nervous system can be divided anatomically into the _____ and _____; and functionally into the ____ and ____
A
afferent/ efferent; superior / inferior
B
central/ peripheral; somatic/ autonomic
C
profound/ superficial; sensory / motor
D
brain/ spinal cord; cranial and peripheral nerves
2) components of neural pathways headed towards the CNS are said to be
A
efferent
B
afferent
C
extrinsic
D
intrinsic
3) the ____________ or __________ function is performed by the CNS
A
integrative / associative
B
sympathetic / parasympathetic
C
sensory / motor
D
afferent/ efferent
4) _______ are the functional unit of the nervous system: they are supported by _____ cells
A
oligodendrocytes, funnicular
B
nerves, ependymal
C
axons, schwann
D
neurons, neuroglial
5) nerve signals, called________, travel along the nerve in the form of a(n) _______ ________
A
datum, actualized realization
B
transductions, energy pulse
C
impulses, action potential
D
semaphoreons, light beam
6) the 'strength' of a signal in the nervous system is modulated by _________
A
the duration of each action potential (milliseconds)
B
increase in the amplitude of the action potential (voltage)
C
the total ion flux from the axon of the neuron
D
rate of impulses or number of neurons carrying them
7) the resting potential is due to
A
fixed anions and differential permeability to chloride and hydrogen ions
B
fixed anions and differential concentrations of potassium and sodium ions
C
fixed cations and differential permeability to chloride and hydrogen ions
D
fixed cations and differential concentrations of potassium and sodium ions
8) the respective concentration gradients that maintain the 'resting' potential are actually due to the tireless work of ________, which require
A
Chloride symport channels, gap junctions
B
ion gated sodium / potassium channels, a chloride gradient
C
Sodium/ Potassium pumps, energy in the form of ATP
D
Sodium Chloride antiports, water
9) when the resting potential of the membrane rises to about -55mV, it reaches _________, and ______ channels open, further depolarizing the membrane
A
equilibrium, voltage gated potassium
B
threshold, voltage gated sodium
C
climax, ligand gated potassium
D
anipode, ion gated chloride
10) conduction velocity of a nerve impulse can be increased by
A
increasing the number of voltage gated ion channels and/ or increasing the ion concentration gradient
B
increasing the temperature of the axon and/ or reducing the viscosity of the cytoplasm
C
increasing the sodium/ potassium gradient and/or the volume of the cell body
D
myelination and/or increasing the diameter of the axon
11) oligodendrocytes in the CNS perform the same function as _______ cells in the PNS, namely ____
A
satellite cells, providing nourishment to the neurons
B
neurilemma, forming the myelin sheath
C
microglia, immune protection
D
ependymal cells, formation of CSF
12) Astrocytes maintain the ___ ___ ____ with their perivascular 'feet'
A
cerebro spinal fluid
B
resting membrane potential
C
ventricular fluid osmolarity
D
blood brain barrier
13) myelin consists mainly of _______, and produces the visual effect behind _____ _____ in the CNS
A
carbohydrates, pia mater
B
actin fibers, arachnoid layer
C
lipids, white matter
D
proteins, grey matter
14) upon reaching the end of the axon, nerve impulses are 'converted' to chemical signals via the release of ______ into the ______
A
neurotransmitters, synaptic cleft
B
vesicles, post synaptic cell
C
positive ions, gap junctions
D
hormones, blood stream
15) release of neurotransmitters, via fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane, is triggered by
A
phosphorylation of carrier proteins
B
influx of calcium ions
C
outflow of chloride ions
D
electrostatic conformational change in membrane proteins
16) if the receptor on the post synaptic cell responds to binding of its cognate neurotransmitter by opening itself to the passage of ions, it is...
A
an ion gated ligand channel
B
very unusual- most receptors depolarize directly
C
a G-protein complex
D
a ligand gated ion channel
17) post synaptic receptors can trigger either depolarization (an________) or hyperpolarization (an ______)
A
GABA, PABA
B
PABA, GABA
C
IPSP, EPSP
D
EPSP, IPSP
18) Nicotinic receptors on the motor end plate of skeletal muscle cells respond to
A
Filgratimalanonanosinase (FGMALSE)
B
Norepinephrine (Ne)
C
Acetylcholine (ACh)
D
Serotonin (Srt)
19) As Alzheimer's disease involves (among other things) loss of cholinergic neurons, drugs like Donepezil, which is a(n)_______, may ease symptoms
A
Dopamine Precursor Molecule
B
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
C
Acetylcholine Specific Reuptake Inhibitor (ASRI)
D
Muscarinic Receptor Agonist
20) Long Term Potentiation of synapses in the formation of memories involves the activation of _______, which trigger the recruitment of additional AMPA receptors AND the formation of additional glutamate bearing vesicles in the pre synaptic cell
A
G-protein mediated cAMPpathways
B
NMDA receptors
C
GABA globulin
D
apoptosis genes
*select an answer for all questions
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