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Unit 2 Lesson 5 Soil Formation ~ Part 1
Test Description: Physical and Chemical characteristics of soil layers. The factors that affect soil formation, including the action of living things.
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) Gopher tortoises live on dry land. They live in large holes that they dig in the soil. Which statement gives the best explanation of how this behavior aids in soil formation?
A
t hardens the soil, allowing less water to reach the rocks underground.
B
It does not aid in soil development.
C
It loosens and mixes the soil, increasing air in the soil and the ability to drain water.
2) Which of the following describes how microorganisms (bacteria) influence the characteristics of soil?
A
They add inorganic material to the soil by weathering rocks on Earth's surface.
B
They add moisture to the soil by creating pores through which water can move.
C
They add organic material to the soil by breaking down the remains of plants and animals.
D
They loosen and mix the soil by digging burrows underground.
3) What is soil?
A
dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals
B
weathered sediment broken down by atmospheric forces on Earth's surface
C
a loose mixture of rock fragments/minerals, organic matter/material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation
D
spaces between soil particles through which water and air can move
4) What is humus?
A
spaces between soil particles through which water and air can move
B
weathered sediment broken down by atmospheric forces on Earth's surface
C
dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals
D
a loose mixture of rock fragments/minerals, organic matter/material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation
5) What is pore space?
A
weathered sediment broken down by atmospheric forces on Earth's surface
B
a loose mixture of rock fragments/minerals, organic matter/material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation
C
spaces between soil particles through which water and air can move
D
dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals
6) In which of the following locations is new soil likely to form at the slowest rate over time due to environmental conditions?
A
hillside
B
forest
7) Granite has only recently been exposed at a location on the Earth's surface. What will need to happen first in order for soil to eventually form in this location?
A
A thick layer of humus must form on top of the granite.
B
Microorganisms must begin to break down the remains of plants and animals.
C
Erosion by wind and water must move pieces of granite to other locations.
D
The granite must be broken down into smaller pieces by weathering processes.
8) What materials are necessary for soil to form?
A
air and water
B
organic matter
C
all of these
D
small rock fragments
9) What is the first stage in the development of soil?
A
Developed soil supports thick vegetation.
B
Horizons begin to form.
C
Bedrock begins to disintegrate/break down.
10) What is the second stage in the development of soil?
A
Horizons begin to form.
B
Developed soil supports thick vegetation.
C
Bedrock begins to disintegrate/break down.
*select an answer for all questions
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