DNA Structure, Replication, Transcription And Translation Question Preview (ID: 36726)


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All cells contain DNA, which provides information for the cells to make
a) different kinds of DNA.
b) new types of genes.
c) different kinds of proteins.
d) new types of organisms.

What is a gene?
a) any single amino acid in a multicellular organism
b) a sex cell that aids in organism reproduction
c) a characteristic of any organism
d) a set of instructions in the DNA sequence of an organism

In eukaryotic organisms, DNA transcription occurs in the _______ of a cell.
a) cytoplasm
b) ribosome
c) nucleus
d) mitochondria

Which of the following cellular materials is solely composed of DNA and proteins?
a) ribosomes
b) mitochondria
c) chromosomes
d) Golgi complex

The nucleotide of DNA is one large molecule composed of three smaller molecules. Which of the following sets of molecules bond together to form a nucleotide?
a) a purine, a pyrimidine, and a five-carbon sugar
b) a nitrogen atom, a phosphate atom, and a five-carbon sugar
c) adenine, thymine, and cytosine
d) deoxyribose, a nitrogen base, a phosphate group

The genetic information that is passed from a parent to its offspring is found in _______.
a) carbon atoms
b) hydrogen bonds
c) DNA molecules
d) amino acids

A parent DNA molecule replicates, resulting in two daughter DNA molecules. Which of the following is true?
a) Each daughter molecule contains four total strands of DNA.
b) Each daughter molecule contains two new strands of DNA.
c) Each daughter molecule contains one DNA strand from the parent molecule.
d) Each daughter molecule contains two DNA strands from the parent molecule.

Which of the following best describes the product of RNA translation?
a) an RNA molecule
b) a protein
c) a DNA molecule
d) a chromosome

Which of the following correctly describes the components of DNA?
a) DNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of the sugar ribose, a carbon ring, and one of four phosphorus bases.
b) DNA is made up of proteins consisting of the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases.
c) DNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases.
d) DNA is made up of proteins consisting of the sugar ribose, a carbon ring, and one of four phosphorus bases.

Which of the following correctly summarizes the base-pairing rules in DNA?
a) A-G, C-T
b) A-U, C-G
c) A-C, T-G
d) A-T, C-G

Translation involves the assembling of proteins. Which of the following forms of RNA is responsible for carrying a formed amino acid to the protein assembly site during translation?
a) RNA polymerase
b) rRNA
c) mRNA
d) tRNA

How are DNA strands held together?
a) Water
b) Hydrogen bonds between bases
c) Covalent bonds between bases
d) Hydrogen bonds between sugars

The first step in the process of gene expression is transcription. What is the product of transcription during gene expression?
a) a molecule of RNA
b) a molecule of thymine
c) a codon
d) an RNA polymerase

After the process of _______ occurs, each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent cell's DNA.
a) DNA transcription
b) DNA translation
c) DNA elongation
d) DNA replication

Which of the following is a true statement about codons?
a) In translation, an mRNA codon is recognized by its complementary tRNA.
b) In translation, an mRNA codon is recognized by its complementary amino acid.
c) A codon is a sequence of four nitrogenous bases.
d) A codon is a sequence of three amino acids.

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