BIOL G220 Unit 4 Lecture Exam Review B Question Preview (ID: 33816)
Lecture 21 Material (heart).
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the unique junctions between cardiac muscle cells allow them to
a) conduct impulses
b) share mitochondria
c) spontanously contract
d) contract without shortening: they only get thicker so as to squeeze out the blood in a pumping action
The heart itself is supplied by blood vessels collectively known as
a) coronary arteries
b) coronary veins
c) great cardiac vessels
d) endocardiomyovasculature
the muscle fibers in the heart are connected end to end via
a) intercalated discs
b) thickened Z discs
c) cardiofibrils
d) chordae tendinae
The heart valve that needs to withstand the greatest pressure is the
a) mitral, aka the left atrioventricular or bicuspid valve
b) the tricuspid, or right atrioventricular valve
c) the left semilunar, or aortic valve
d) the right semilunar, or pulmonary valve
which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?
a) Left Ventricle
b) Right Ventricle
c) Left Atrium
d) Right Atrium
the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the walls of the ventricles with several chordae tendinae and papillary muscles: why?
a) to withstand the pressure of ventricular contraction without prolapsing
b) to allow the muscles pull on the valves, thus manually opening them so blood can flow out
c) to prevent blood from flowing between the left and right ventricles, and the left and right atria
d) to generally confuse the heck out of anatomy students, and, if they are inadequately prepared, cardiologists.
the heart has a 'pacemaker' a bundle of cells that steadily depolarize between action potentials, making them
a) autorythmic
b) autotonic
c) autonomic
d) autophasic
the purpose of valves in the heart is
a) to ensure a one-way flow of blood
b) to prevent premature contraction of the ventricles
c) to allow blood to flow into the heart on one stroke, and out to the lungs on the next
d) to regulate blood pressure
the valves in the heart fall into two main categories based on location/structure, which are intimately connected to the forces placed on said valves- they are the
a) semilunar valves and atrioventricular valves
b) bicuspid and tricuspid valves
c) arterial and venous valves
d) pulmonary and systemic valves
the heart contains a fibrous 'skeleton', the anulus fibrosus, which consists of four interconnected fibrous rings that encircle the base of the valves: this is made of
a) dense connective tissue
b) reticular and elastic fibers, but not collagen
c) cardiac muscle tissue
d) fibrocartilage
The heart 'wall' consists of 3 layers: from the outermost to the innermost these are
a) epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
b) epicardium, mesocardium, tunica intima
c) endocardium, mesocardium, epicardium
d) stucco, plaster, concrete
the inner layer of the pericardium is
a) all of the answers are true
b) Serous, with fluid filled spaces
c) comprised of two layers, the parietal and viceral
d) has an innermost layer also known as the epicardium
the outermost layer of the pericardium is
a) thick and fibrous
b) actually two layers with elastic fibers between them
c) made of smooth muscle
d) all of the answers are true
The human heart is surrounded by a set of membranes collectively known as the
a) pericardium
b) cardiac sac
c) myocardial envelope
d) epicardialis
the heart is located in the ______, just deep to the _____
a) mediastinum, sternum
b) superior thoracic, clavicles
c) superior abdominal, liver
d) thoracocardial fossa, pectoralis minor
the human heart is essentially two co-joined pumps: the one on the left pumps blood to the ____, while the one on the right pumps blood to the _____
a) body, lungs
b) lungs, body
c) body, heart itself
d) body, soul
the human heart beats, on average, approximately
a) 70 times per minute
b) 40 times per second
c) 360 times per hour
d) 80 rpm
the pacemaker of the heart, where contractile impulses originate, is in the
a) Sino Atrial (SA) Node
b) Atrio Ventricular (AV) Node
c) Bundle of His
d) Purkinje fibers
the heart rate is ________ by input from the sympathetic nervous system through the ________
a) increased, sympathetic trunk
b) decreased, rami communicates
c) increased, posterior root ganglion
d) modified, pineal gland
the heart rate is ________ by input from the parasympathetic nervous system through everyone's favorite cranial nerve, #__. the ______
a) decreased, 10: Vagus
b) decreased, 5:Trochlear
c) increased, 9: Glossopharyngeal
d) stabilized, 11: Accessory
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