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Earthquake Waves
Test Description: Characteristics of P and S waves, including the type of materials they can flow through.
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) An abrupt change in the speed of seismic waves is an indication that the
A
waves are going into a material with different properties
B
waves are passing through material of the same density
C
shear wave has overtaken the compressional wave
D
seismic waves are colliding
2) A characteristic of compressional waves and shear waves is that they both
A
travel at the same speed
B
cause rock particles to vibrate in the same direction
C
travel through liquid and solid materials
D
travel faster through more dense solid materials
3) Useful information regarding the composition of the interior of the Earth can be derived from earthquakes because earthquake waves
A
travel at different rates through different materials
B
release materials from within the Earth
C
change radioactive decay rates of rocks
D
travel through the Earth at a constant velocity
4) Compared to the velocity of an earthquake's P-waves, the velocity of the S-waves in the same material is
A
less
B
the same
C
greater
D
none of the above
5) Which statement best explains why the P-wave of an earthquake arrives at a seismic station before the S-wave?
A
The S-wave originates from the earthquake focus.
B
The P-wave originates from the earthquake epicenter.
C
The P-wave has a greater velocity than the S-wave
D
The S-wave decreases in velocity as it passes through a liquid.
6) The theory that the outer core of the Earth is composed of liquid material is best supported by
A
gravity studies which indicate that gravitational strength is greatest within the core
B
density studies which show that the outer core is slightly more dense than the inner core
C
seismic studies which indicate that shear waves do not pass through the outer core
D
seismic studies which show that compressional waves can pass through the outer core
7) Earthquake S-waves do not travel through the Earth's
A
crust
B
moho
C
core
D
mantle
8) Which conclusion based on the analysis of seismic data supports the inference that the Earth's outer core is liquid?
A
P-waves are transmitted through the outer core.
B
S-waves are transmitted through the outer core.
C
S-waves are not transmitted through the outer core.
D
P-waves are not transmitted through the outer core.
9) Which of the following earthquake waves can travel through both solids and fluids?
A
S-waves, only
B
S-waves and P-waves
C
Q-waves
D
P-waves, only
10) What usually causes tsunamis?
A
high-pressure weather systems
B
the collision of ocean currents
C
hurricanes
D
undersea earthquakes
*select an answer for all questions
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