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Nervous System Review: Functions
Test Description: Review
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) The nervous system can be divided anatomically into the _____ and _____; and functionally into the ____ and ____
A
brain/ spinal cord; cranial and peripheral nerves
B
afferent/ efferent; superior / inferior
C
profound/ superficial; sensory / motor
D
central/ peripheral; somatic/ autonomic
2) components of neural pathways headed towards the CNS are said to be
A
efferent
B
afferent
C
intrinsic
D
extrinsic
3) the ____________ or __________ function is performed by the CNS
A
integrative / associative
B
sympathetic / parasympathetic
C
afferent/ efferent
D
sensory / motor
4) _______ are the functional unit of the nervous system: they are supported by _____ cells
A
oligodendrocytes, funnicular
B
neurons, neuroglial
C
axons, schwann
D
nerves, ependymal
5) nerve signals, called________, travel along the nerve in the form of a(n) _______ ________
A
datum, actualized realization
B
semaphoreons, light beam
C
transductions, energy pulse
D
impulses, action potential
6) the 'strength' of a signal in the nervous system is modulated by _________
A
the duration of each action potential (milliseconds)
B
increase in the amplitude of the action potential (voltage)
C
the total ion flux from the axon of the neuron
D
rate of impulses or number of neurons carrying them
7) the resting potential is due to
A
fixed cations and differential concentrations of potassium and sodium ions
B
fixed anions and differential permeability to chloride and hydrogen ions
C
fixed anions and differential concentrations of potassium and sodium ions
D
fixed cations and differential permeability to chloride and hydrogen ions
8) the respective concentration gradients that maintain the 'resting' potential are actually due to the tireless work of ________, which require
A
Chloride symport channels, gap junctions
B
Sodium/ Potassium pumps, energy in the form of ATP
C
Sodium Chloride antiports, water
D
ion gated sodium / potassium channels, a chloride gradient
9) when the resting potential of the membrane rises to about -55mV, it reaches _________, and ______ channels open, further depolarizing the membrane
A
equilibrium, voltage gated potassium
B
threshold, voltage gated sodium
C
climax, ligand gated potassium
D
anipode, ion gated chloride
10) conduction velocity of a nerve impulse can be increased by
A
increasing the sodium/ potassium gradient and/or the volume of the cell body
B
increasing the number of voltage gated ion channels and/ or increasing the ion concentration gradient
C
myelination and/or increasing the diameter of the axon
D
increasing the temperature of the axon and/ or reducing the viscosity of the cytoplasm
11) oligodendrocytes in the CNS perform the same function as _______ cells in the PNS, namely ____
A
satellite cells, providing nourishment to the neurons
B
ependymal cells, formation of CSF
C
microglia, immune protection
D
neurilemma, forming the myelin sheath
12) Astrocytes maintain the ___ ___ ____ with their perivascular 'feet'
A
blood brain barrier
B
resting membrane potential
C
cerebro spinal fluid
D
ventricular fluid osmolarity
13) myelin consists mainly of _______, and produces the visual effect behind _____ _____ in the CNS
A
proteins, grey matter
B
carbohydrates, pia mater
C
lipids, white matter
D
actin fibers, arachnoid layer
14) upon reaching the end of the axon, nerve impulses are 'converted' to chemical signals via the release of ______ into the ______
A
neurotransmitters, synaptic cleft
B
vesicles, post synaptic cell
C
hormones, blood stream
D
positive ions, gap junctions
15) release of neurotransmitters, via fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane, is triggered by
A
outflow of chloride ions
B
influx of calcium ions
C
electrostatic conformational change in membrane proteins
D
phosphorylation of carrier proteins
16) if the receptor on the post synaptic cell responds to binding of its cognate neurotransmitter by opening itself to the passage of ions, it is...
A
a G-protein complex
B
a ligand gated ion channel
C
an ion gated ligand channel
D
very unusual- most receptors depolarize directly
17) post synaptic receptors can trigger either depolarization (an________) or hyperpolarization (an ______)
A
IPSP, EPSP
B
EPSP, IPSP
C
PABA, GABA
D
GABA, PABA
18) Nicotinic receptors on the motor end plate of skeletal muscle cells respond to
A
Serotonin (Srt)
B
Acetylcholine (ACh)
C
Filgratimalanonanosinase (FGMALSE)
D
Norepinephrine (Ne)
19) As Alzheimer's disease involves (among other things) loss of cholinergic neurons, drugs like Donepezil, which is a(n)_______, may ease symptoms
A
Muscarinic Receptor Agonist
B
Dopamine Precursor Molecule
C
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
D
Acetylcholine Specific Reuptake Inhibitor (ASRI)
20) Long Term Potentiation of synapses in the formation of memories involves the activation of _______, which trigger the recruitment of additional AMPA receptors AND the formation of additional glutamate bearing vesicles in the pre synaptic cell
A
GABA globulin
B
apoptosis genes
C
G-protein mediated cAMPpathways
D
NMDA receptors
*select an answer for all questions
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