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Envirothon Soils Review 1
Test Description: Test designed to quiz students on knowledge of the Envirothon Soils manual.
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) What are the three types of particles that make up soil?
A
clay, silt, humus
B
silt, clay, rock
C
sand, silt, clay
D
sand, rocks, clay
2) What are the components of soil?
A
air, water, minerals, organic matter
B
water, minerals, organic matter
C
minerals and organic matter
D
air, minerals, organic matter
3) What are the five soil forming factors?
A
time, geology, topography, climate, biological activity
B
water, air, topography, biological activity, sunlight
C
water, topography, climate, biological activity, air
D
geology, topography, climate, biological activity, sunlight
4) Which describes the process of leaching in soils?
A
when water enters the soil and moves through taking minerals with it
B
when water enters the soil and dissolves gases
C
when leeches move through the soil and produce pores for aeration
D
when sediments are carried down towards parent material due to water infiltration
5) Which soil horizon is made of bedrock and is not affected by soil formation processes?
A
B-Subsurface
B
R-bedrock
C
C-parent material
D
A-topsoil
6) Which soil horizon is the site of mineral loss, also known as elluviation, where a concentration of sand and silt particles are left?
A
O-organic
B
E- Subsurface
C
R- Bedrock
D
B-subsoil
7) Which soil horizon is rich in organic matter at the top of a soil profile?
A
O- Organic
B
C-parent material
C
A- topsoil
D
B-Subsoil
8) Which type of soil is characterized by 30% silt, 35% sand, and 35% clay?
A
sandy clay
B
clay loam
C
clay
D
silty clay
9) Which type of soil is characterized by 45% silt, 35% sand, and 20% clay?
A
clay loam
B
silty clay loam
C
silt loam
D
loam
10) Which type of soil is characterized by 10% silt, 50% sand, and 40% clay?
A
sandy clay
B
clay
C
sandy clay loam
D
clay laom
11) What indications about soil quality does a red soil indicate?
A
well drained but there is a slow rate of permeability
B
good drainage and aereation
C
well drained, but wet, usually an indicator of a seasonal high water table
D
good aeration but periods of water saturation that indicates poorly drained soil
12) Gray soil indicates _______________.
A
there was a seasonally high water table.
B
there were long periods of water saturation
C
a soil with good aereation and drainage.
D
a soil with slow permeability.
13) In sandy soils, water movement is often rapid due to the large amount of _____.
A
macropores
B
micropores
C
megapores
D
pores
14) The area between the soil and plant roots that has a high amount of biological activity is called the ______.
A
rhizosphere
B
topsoil
C
humus
D
lithosphere
15) Which is a micro-nutrient found in soil?
A
potassium
B
phosphorous
C
magnesium
D
nitrogen
16) The downward entry of water into the immediate surface of soil is known as _____.
A
permeability
B
infiltration
C
seepage
D
drainage
17) Leaching is an example of which soil forming process?
A
losses
B
translocations
C
additions
D
transformations
18) Which is an example of an alluvial fan?
A
accumulation of material at the base of a long steep slope
B
accumulation of wind blown material
C
accumulation of material due to volcanic activity
D
accumulation of material at the foot of mountain slopes such as Appalachian and Rocky Mountains.
19) In, NC most soils tend to be acidic and require the additions of ____ in order to raise the pH for optimum crop production.
A
lime
B
phosphorous
C
maganese
D
nitrogen
20) How does conservation tillage prevent soil erosion?
A
Farmers alternate crops to ensure soil remains intact
B
Farmers only till soil that is currently exposed
C
Farmers only till half the area of crop land at a time
D
Farmers harvest grain and leave plant material as mulch
*select an answer for all questions
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