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Quarterly 4-Gr 8 Review
Test Description: Fossils and the Emvironment
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) When paleontologists conduct investigations to answer questions about fossils, they need to _______________ before making a valid conclusion.
A
publish results from the investigation.
B
collect relevant evidence.
C
tell people about the data.
D
discuss the investigation with other scientists.
2) How does a high level of sediment in water reduce the quality for aquatic life?
A
increase the amount of carbon dioxide
B
decrease the temperature
C
decrease the salinity
D
decrease dissolved oxygen
3) Why are non-native plants a threat to native plants?
A
Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.
B
Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.
C
Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.
D
Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.
4) What effect does excess nitrogen, a nutrient found in fertilizer that is carried by runoff into bodies of water, have on organisms in a pond or lake ecosystem?
A
Clam shells are slowly weakened.
B
Algae grow rapidly.
C
Frogs adapt quickly to new food sources.
D
Mutations occur gradually in fish.
5) Rabbits with light fur outnumber rabbits with dark fur because rabbits with light fur
A
produce fewer offspring each year.
B
have a better chance of surviving and reproducing.
C
produce more fur.
D
have a more restricted diet.
6) How would an increase in the number of caterpillars that eat the leaves off of trees affect an environment?
A
Tree populations would decrease.
B
Air temperatures would decrease.
C
The diversity of trees would increase.
D
The amount of oxygen in the air would increase.
7) A species lives in a particular environment. Which of the following statements best describes the environment that the species lives in and how the species will look over thousands of years? The environment will
A
stay the same and the traits of the species will stay the same.
B
stay the same and the traits of the species will change.
C
have changes that could lead to differences in the traits of the species.
D
have changes, but the traits of the species will stay the same.
8) Environmental scientists conduct investigations to learn about the environment. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?
A
limit the amount of background research before the investigation
B
avoid coming to a conclusion before analyzing the data
C
develop a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation
D
obtain other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation
9) Removing trees from a habitat changes the area for many species by
A
decreasing the temperature.
B
increasing the food supply.
C
decreasing the protective cover.
D
increasing the oxygen levels.
10) Using wind turbines instead of burning coal positively affects the environment by
A
distributing water more evenly.
B
keeping harmful chemicals out of the water cycle.
C
slowing down the water cycle.
D
increasing the amount of water available.
11) Which of the following best explains the presence of a sea-life fossil in the rock on top of a mountain?
A
The fossil once lived in mountains, but has since evolved into sea-life.
B
The fossil is a part of the sedimentary rock that was once buried in the ground and then uplifted.
C
The fossil was carried up the mountain by glaciers and over time became buried in the ground.
D
The fossil was left in the mountains from a volcanic eruption.
12) A fossil found in one rock layer is of the same species as a fossil found in a deeper rock layer. Why are the two fossils slightly different in structure?
A
this species changed its food supply.
B
this species had many predators.
C
this species changed over time.
D
this species’ life span has increased.
13) What is the result of rock layers being folded upwards?
A
mountains are formed by the layers being forced upward
B
tectonic plates move apart forming valleys
C
oceans are created because of the change in the layers
D
fossils are created as the layers are disrupted
14) **Sedimentary rock layers tell us everything about the history of the fossil record except
A
what organisms were present at different times,
B
what types of rock/sediment were deposited earliest,
C
how organisms became extinct
D
how life forms changed over time.
15) ***What is true about deep layers of sedimentary rock and how they may change over time?
A
they may never have any fossil evidence in the deepest layers.
B
they may contain the youngest fossils after many years.
C
they may be reformed, and the layers may be forced up again to create new land forms.
D
they may destroy fossil evidence because of the way they form.
16) ***The introduction of a non-native plant negatively affects an environment in every way except?
A
It destroys food webs by decreasing the number of plants. Herbivores would eventually die, then carnivores.
B
It improves the biodiversity of an environment by increasing a variety of organisms living in a healthy ecosystem.
C
It is invasive meaning it takes over the resources that other plants need and eventually causes death of other organisms.
D
It competes with native plants by growing much quicker, and depleting resources that are needed by the native species.
17) Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?
A
Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.
B
Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.
C
Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.
D
Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.
18) What most likely happened to a species that is found in the fossil record but have no living members?
A
They never really existed.
B
They mutated to other species.
C
They became extinct.
D
They had offspring of a different species.
19) Over time, organisms evolve from a common ancestor. Which process best explains why they now have different characteristics?
A
Adaptation
B
Extinction
C
Asexual respiration
D
Respiration
20) What is the best evidence that the surface of Earth has changed over time?
A
Some rock layers are very thick.
B
Marine fossils are found in mountain areas.
C
Some species have become extinct.
D
Igneous rock is found on all tectonic plates.
*select an answer for all questions
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