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Evolving Populations
Test Description: Darwin, survival of the fittest, mutations, reproduction
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) Darwin says that natural selection is
A
how modern species have come to exist
B
the mechanism of evolution
C
the explanation for beak variation in finches
D
all of these options
2) According to Darwin, evolution occurs
A
by punctuated equilibrium
B
in response to use or disuse of a characteristic
C
within an individuals lifetime
D
by natural selection
3) Darwin’s theory of evolution proposed
A
none of the above
B
species change over time by the more favorable traits being passed down to offspring.
C
extinct species are not related to living species.
D
artificial variation results in some species being more fit to survive.
4) “Survival of the fittest” is another way of describing
A
Convergent evolution
B
Natural Selection
C
Adaptive radiation
D
Diversity
5) Which scientist explained evolution by natural variation and natural selection?
A
James Hutton
B
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
C
Charles Lyell
D
Charles Darwin
6) The process by which individuals in a population that are best adapted to the environment pass their traits to their offspring is
A
Natural Selection
B
Overproduction
C
Variation
D
Speciation
7) Which of the following statements is true?
A
Evolution can be seen in one organism in one lifetime.
B
All of the options
C
Evolution can only occur through thousands or millions of generations in a population.
D
Evolution can occur in one generation over many years.
8) The evolution of beak sizes in Galapagos finches is a response to
A
The nutritional content of the seeds grew smaller birds.
B
Whether the populations interbreed
C
How finches use their beaks for the food or seeds available.
D
The finches using the beak more, the beak changing, then passing that trait on.
9) Which must be in place within a population in order for the theory of evolution to hold true?
A
changes in allele frequencies in random generations
B
changes in allele frequencies in successive generations.
C
changes in chromosomal frequencies in random generations.
D
changes in chromosomal frequencies in successive generations.
10) According to natural selection, which of the following results would be considered a beneficial mutation to an organism?
A
stopping the production of an essential protein
B
formation of cancer cells
C
resistance to a virus
D
inability to undergo sexual reproduction
11) Which is a conclusion drawn from the observed DNA similarities found between apes and chimpanzees?
A
Apes and chimpanzees are products of artificial selection.
B
Apes and chimpanzees are in the same genus.
C
Apes and chimpanzees are thought to have evolved from a common ancestor.
D
Apes and chimpanzees are in the same species.
12) A mutation occurs in a species of bird that eats seeds. The new mutation shapes the end of the beak in a new way that allows the birds to crack open seeds faster. What will most likely occur with the mutation over time?
A
Since the mutation causes the bird to be better adapted, it will be passed on to its offspring, and over many generations cou
B
The mutation never could have existed because mutations cannot occur in DNA.
C
The mutation will be passed on to the offspring of the bird, but will stay only in the immediate family of the bird.
D
Since the mutation only affects one organism, it will most likely disappear from the gene pool.
13) Black grasshoppers thrive in the wild, while green grasshoppers grow in limited numbers in the wild and thrive near cultivated land. The two species are eaten by the same predators and compete for the same food source. As more land is converted to fa
A
Both grasshoppers will die out eventually from resource pressures.
B
The green grasshoppers will outnumber the black grasshoppers.
C
The black grasshoppers will outbreed the green grasshoppers.
D
The black grasshoppers will find new wild lands in which to live.
14) Which characteristics of a population would most likely indicate the lowest potential for evolutionary change in the population?
A
asexual reproduction and many mutations
B
sexual reproduction and many mutations
C
asexual reproduction and few mutations
D
sexual reproduction and few mutations
15) A species of flower lives in an environment that has always had an abundance of rain but is now experiencing less rainfall each year. Which variation within the flower population would be beneficial in terms of natural selection?
A
a difference in the length of the stems
B
a difference in pollen production
C
a difference in the color of petals
D
a difference in the length of the roots
16) Which best illustrates the relationship between variations within a population and natural selection?
A
Natural selection acts upon a population since all members of the population are identical.
B
Giraffes have long necks and legs from stretching to reach food in trees. This trait was then passed to their offspring.
C
Organisms are able to change their genetic makeup to best adapt to a changing external environment
D
Antelopes with muscular legs are able to outrun their predators better than antelopes with poor muscle tone. Thus they lived
17) How might the fossil record show that an organism changed over time?
A
The species completely disappeared from the rock layers.
B
The species changed in each successive rock layer.
C
The species disappeared from one rock layer and reappeared in a successive rock layer.
D
The species remained unchanged throughout the rock layers.
18) What assumption is made during the relative dating of fossils?
A
Upper rock layers contain younger remains and older remains are found in deeper layers.
B
By comparing rock layers, a pattern is seen of organisms becoming simpler over time.
C
Remains of extinct organisms can be compared to organisms living today.
D
The time it takes for known radioactive materials to break down is used to age the remains.
19) All of the following are natural causes of extinction, except--
A
Viral outbreak
B
New predator
C
Acid rain
D
Meteors striking the Earth
20) Relative dating of fossils is different from radioactive dating of fossils because relative dating
A
measures changes in fossils according to decaying isotopes.
B
requires the use of modern technology.
C
requires observing the location in which the fossil was found.
D
can provide an exact age of a fossil.
*select an answer for all questions
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