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Earth/Environmental Science Chapters 8-10
Test Description: Chapters 8, 9, 10 Review
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) What is a fault?
A
A fracture in Earth along which movement has occured
B
A destructive wave caused by an earthquake
C
Oceanic crust
D
The location on the surface directly above the focus
2) What is a focus?
A
The point within Earth where the earthquake starts
B
A pyroclastic particle
C
A type of surface wave
D
A fire caused by an earthquake
3) What are P and S waves and what is the difference between them?
A
Body waves, P waves arrive first and are transverse waves, S waves arrive second and are longitudinal waves
B
Surface waves, P waves arrive first and are longitudinal waves, S waves arrive second and are transverse waves
C
Body waves, P waves arrive first and are longitudinal waves, S waves arrive second and are transverse waves
D
Surface waves, P waves arrive first and are transverse waves, S waves are second and longitudinal waves
4) What is the difference between continental drift and plate tectonics?
A
continental drift- some plates include the ocean floor, plate tectonics- continents move through the ocean floor
B
Continental drift-continents move through the ocean floor, plate tectonics- some plates include ocean floor
5) What moves tectonic plates?
A
gravitational pull of the moon, slab-pull, subduction of plates
B
subduction of plates, slab-pull, ridge push
C
convection currents of magma, slab-pull, ridge push
D
landslides caused by an earthquake, convection currents, seismic waves
6) What is a pluton?
A
a type of atom
B
hardened magma that was underground and the surrounding rock eroded away
C
Vibrations from earthquakes
D
a mass of hotter than normal mantle material
7) What are the zones of the Earth based on chemical composition?
A
Lithosphere, Mantle, Core
B
Crust, Asthonsphere, Mantle, Lower Mantle, Core, Inner Core
C
Crust, Mantle, Core
D
Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Lower Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
8) What is triangulation?
A
A type of long-range predictor
B
A type of surface wave
C
The use of 3 or more seismographs to locate the epicenter of an earthquake
D
The study of earthquakes
9) What are lahars?
A
rift valleys
B
Mudflows of volcanic debris
C
sulfur compounds
D
Pyroclastic flows
10) What is subsidence and uplift?
A
Subsidence- when the ground sinks to sea level, uplift- when the plates at a convergent boundary create mountains
B
Subsidence- when one plate is forced beneath another, uplift- when crust is formed
C
subsidence- when the ground gets pushed up, uplift- when the ground subsides or settles
D
subsidence- when the ground subsides or settles, uplift- when the ground is pushed up
11) What is a caldera?
A
Magma that hardened in a volcano
B
A steep-walled depression around a vent
C
The opening lava comes out of
D
A large depression formed when the magma chamber empties out and the volcano collapses.
12) Seismology is the study of what?
A
Volcanoes
B
Seismic waves
C
Earthquakes
D
Seismographs
13) What are the 3 different plate boundaries?
A
Cinder Cone, Composite Cone, Shield
B
Convergent, Intraplate, Transform Fault
C
Convergent, Divergent, Transform Fault
D
Convergent, Divergent, Tectonic
14) What is a volcanic neck?
A
The tube magma comes out of
B
Steep depression around a vent
C
Connects the head and body of a volcano
D
Magma that hardened inside a volcano and the rest of the volcano eroded away
15) What is intraplate volcanism?
A
Particles produced in volcanic eruptions
B
Lava flow
C
Volcanic island arcs
D
Volcanoes in the middle of a tectonic plate
16) What are the zones of Earth based on physical properties?
A
Crust, Mantle, Core
B
Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Lower Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
C
Crust, Asthonsphere, Mantle, Lower Mantle, Core, Inner Core
D
Lithosphere, Mantle, Core
17) What type of volcano is the most explosive?
A
Shield
B
Composite Cone
C
Cinder Cone
D
Transform
18) What is the Moho discontinuity?
A
Imaginary boundary between crust and mantle found by seismic waves
B
Where plates converge
C
Imaginary boundary between mantle and core
D
Measures sizes of seismic waves
19) If something has more vicousity than another, it means that...
A
It is more dense
B
It flows slower
C
It cools off faster
D
It flows faster
20) What are the 3 types of volcanoes?
A
Shield, Cinder Cone, Composite Cone
B
Shield, Cinder Cone, Intraplate
C
Convergent, Divergent, Transform Fault
D
Intraplate, Cinder Cone, Composite
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